Evaluation of biochemical indices in indigenous cattle breeds and crossbred genotypes under natural trypanosome challenge

Authors

  • Nwachukwu E. N. Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State,
  • Ogbu C. C. Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State,
  • Kalla D. J. U. Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, University Bauchi, Nigeria
  • Ukwu H. O. Federal University of Agriculture Makurdi, Benue State Nigeria
  • Ezea J. Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State,
  • Onoja O. S. Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State,
  • Onyeabor A. Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State,

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51791/njap.v50i5.8026

Keywords:

Biochemical indices, crossbreeding, humid rainforest zone, indigenous cattle genotypes, trypanotolerance

Abstract

Breeding for trypanotolerance could be a more sustainable control strategy against trypanosomiasis in African livestock species. This study was aimed at examining the biochemical indices of adult cattle (≥ 36 months of age) under natural trypanosome challenge. The cattle herd comprised of purebred N’dama (ND), Muturu (MU), Sokoto Gudahli (GU), Red Bororo (BO), and White Fulani (WF); and various crossbred genotypes. Animals sampled were ND (n = 21), WF (n = 37), GUxND (n = 3), NDxWF (n = 3); 3/4ND1/4WF (n = 3), ND(WFxMU)) (n = 6), ND(GUxWF) (n = 3), ND(BOxWF) (n = 3), and ND(GUxWFxMU) (n = 12). Serum levels of total protein, albumin, globulin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin, creatinine and urea were compared among cattle genotypes, anaemic and non-anaemic, and parasitaemic and aparasitaemic groups. Non-anaemic cattle had higher (p<0.05) total protein and albumin compared to anaemic cattle. Globulin, albumin-globulin ratio, ALT, ALP, and creatinine did not differ significantly between cattle genotypes but AST was highest in anaemic NDxWF (38.50 ± 6.19 u/L) while indirect bilirubin and urea were highest in non-anaemic 3/4ND1/4WF. Aparasitaemic cattle had higher total protein, albumin and ALP but lower creatinine than parasitaemic cattle. AST and total bilirubin were highest in ND(GUxWFxMU) (33.18 ± 1.78 u/L) and ND(GUxWF) (0.30 ± 0.03 mg/dL), respectively and least in parasitaemic WF (24.63 ± 3.57 u/L) and NDxWF (0.19 ± 0.03 mg/dL), respectively. Creatinine, indirect bilirubin and urea were highest in 3/4ND1/4WF (1.23 ± 0.26 mg/dL, 0.23 ± 0.03 mg/dL, and 39.68 ± 3.05 mg/dL, respectively). ND (0.28 ± 0.10 mg/dL), parasitaemic WF (0.11 ± 0.03mg/dL), and ND(BOxWF) (22.84 ± 3.05 mg/dL) had lowest values of creatinine, indirect bilirubin and urea, respectively. Crossbred cattle and ND had higher serum total protein, albumin, AST, total and indirect bilirubin, but lower creatinine compared to WF cattle indicating better body nutrient reserves, lower oxidative stress challenge and stronger trypanotolerance capacity.

 

 

 

La sélection d’animaux trypanotolérantes pourrait constituer une stratégie de lutte plus durable contre la trypanosomose affectant le cheptel africain. Cette étude visait à analyser les indices biochimiques chez des bovins adultes (âgés d’au moins 36 mois) exposés naturellement aux trypanosomes. L’échantillon étudié comprenait des races bovines pures N’Dama (ND), Muturu (MU), Sokoto Gudahli (GU), Red Bororo (BO) et White Fulani (WF), ainsi que divers génotypes issus de croisements. Les animaux échantillonnés étaient répartis comme suit : ND (n = 21), WF (n = 37), GUxND (n = 3), NDxWF (n = 3) ; 3/4ND1/4WF (n = 3), ND(WFxMU)) (n = 6), ND(GUxWF) (n = 3), ND(BOxWF) (n = 3) et ND(GUxWFxMU) (n = 12). Les concentrations sériques de protéines totales, d’albumine, de globuline, d’aspartate aminotransférase (AST), d’alanine aminotransférase (ALT), de phosphatase alcaline (ALP), de bilirubine, de créatinine et d’urée ont été comparées entre les génotypes bovins, les groupes anémiques et non anémiques, et les groupes parasitémiques et aparasitémiques. Les bovins non anémiques présentaient des taux de protéines totales et d’albumine significativement plus élevés (p < 0,05) que les bovins anémiques. La globuline, le rapport albumine/globuline, l’ALT, la PAL et la créatinine ne présentaient pas de différences significatives entre les génotypes bovins. L’AST était toutefois plus élevée chez les NDxWF anémiques (38,50 ± 6,19 u/L), tandis que la bilirubine indirecte et l’urée étaient plus élevées chez les 3/4ND1/4WF non anémiques. Les bovins aparasitémiques affichaient des taux plus élevés de protéines totales, d’albumine et de PAL, mais une créatinine plus faible que les bovins parasitémiques. L’AST et la bilirubine totale étaient les plus élevées chez ND(GUxWFxMU) (33,18 ± 1,78 u/L) et ND(GUxWF) (0,30 ± 0,03 mg/dL), respectivement, et les plus faibles chez les WF parasitémiques (24,63 ± 3,57 u/L) et NDxWF (0,19 ± 0,03 mg/dL), respectivement. La créatinine, la bilirubine indirecte et l’urée étaient les plus élevées chez les 3/4ND1/4WF (1,23 ± 0,26 mg/dL, 0,23 ± 0,03 mg/dL et 39,68 ± 3,05 mg/dL, respectivement). ND (0,28 ± 0,10 mg/dL), les WF parasitémiques (0,11 ± 0,03 mg/dL) et ND(BOxWF) (22,84 ± 3,05 mg/dL) présentaient quant à eux les valeurs les plus faibles de créatinine, de bilirubine indirecte et d’urée. Les bovins croisés et les ND présentaient des taux sériques plus élevés de protéines totales, d’albumine, d’AST, de bilirubine totale et indirecte, mais une créatinine plus faible par rapport aux bovins WF, indiquant de meilleures réserves en nutriments corporels, un stress oxydatif plus faible et une capacité de trypanotolérance supérieure.

Author Biographies

Nwachukwu E. N. , Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State,

Department of Animal Breeding and Physiology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike,
Abia State, Nigeria;

Ogbu C. C. , Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State,

Department of Veterinary Biochemistry and Animal Production, Michael Okpara University of
Agriculture Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria;

Kalla D. J. U. , Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, University Bauchi, Nigeria

Department of Animal Production, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria;

Ukwu H. O. , Federal University of Agriculture Makurdi, Benue State Nigeria

Department of Animal Breeding and Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture Makurdi, Benue State
Nigeria

Ezea J. , Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State,

Department of Animal Breeding and Physiology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike,
Abia State, Nigeria;

Onoja O. S. , Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State,

Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture
Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria;

Onyeabor A. , Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State,

Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture
Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria;

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Published

2024-10-12

How to Cite

E. N. , N., C. C. , O., D. J. U. , K., H. O. , U., J. , E., O. S. , O., & A. , O. (2024). Evaluation of biochemical indices in indigenous cattle breeds and crossbred genotypes under natural trypanosome challenge . Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, 50(5), 18–38. https://doi.org/10.51791/njap.v50i5.8026

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Articles