SUBSTITUTES FOR MOLASSES AND CEMENT IN UREA-MOLASSES BLOCKS FOR RUMINANT ANIMALS

Abstract

The first of two experiments was conducted to substitute cassava starch for molasses at levels of between 0 and nutrient blocks are discussed. 100% in urea-molasses blocks in six treatments. In a second experiment, of Gliricidia sepium, Leucaena leucocephala Gmelina arborea and cement were included at 15% levels respectively as substitutes to cement as feed block binders. A fifth treatment combined cement and the various leaves as binders. Parameters monitored included block hardness, stability in water, colour, storability, nutrient quality and cost. Results showed that the blocks dried within 3 - 7 days and the weights of the blocks progressively decreased (P<0.01) within the drying period, Final block weights were 88 to 97.5% of initial weights. The crude protein contents of the 100% molasses blocks were lower while the fibre contents of the leaves - substituted blocks were higher (P>0.05) between 25 and 28% CP. The blocks were strong and did not dissolve in water for 3 to 5 days. Increasing levels of cassava starch substitution made the blocks harder, Block colours varied from dark brown to dirty white.  Use of leaves as binders reduced the cost of the blocks by as much as 20%. Blocks stored better when the sides of the plastic mould were lined with cellophane paper. The cassava substituted blocks stored up ic 9 months without moulding. Gliricidia sepium leaves, however, served as a good binder just like the other two leaves types used. aThe implication of using cassava starch and browse leaves in urea-molasses multinutrient blocks are discussed.